Binomial Distributions in Public Health

According to Gerstman (2007), a binomial event is that which has only two outcomes, and therefore if the probability for one of the outcomes is known, then the probability that the other outcome will occur is simply the difference of the known probability from 1. Treating repeated trials as independent events, the compilation of results of a binomial experiment altering the number of desired successes while keeping the number of trials fixed forms a binomial distribution.The binomial probability distribution thus gives an idea of how likely it is that successive successes can occur over a given number of trials. For say a simple experiment of throwing a fair coin 4 times, the probability of getting a heads in any toss is 0. 5. Thus, the probability of getting no heads at all in the four tosses is 0. 5^4 while the probability of getting exactly 1 heads is 0. 5^2, and the probability of getting 2 heads is 0.5 and then the probability of getting more than 2 heads decreases in the same m anner that the probabilities increased in the progression described. If the probabilities are altered in such a way that success is much more likely in a single event than failure, then given five trials it would be expected that having successive successes would be more probable than successive failures. The binomial distribution also allows probabilities for multiple events to simply be added in order to give an idea of the total probability for that event.For example when determining what the probability of getting at most 2 heads in four tosses of a coin, the probabilities of getting exactly 0 heads, 1 heads, and 2 heads can simply be added to give the correct probability for getting no more than 2 heads. Give this nature of the binomial probability distribution, its applications to public health becomes apparent. Villeneuve (2002) states that the binomial distribution can be used â€Å"to describe the number of times an event [such as a disease] will occur in a group of [peopl e]† if the probability concerning the occurrence of that event is known.For example, if the probability of getting infected by rabies if you were bitten by a particular animal is known, then given a certain number of people who were all bitten by that particular animal in an area it would be possible to reasonably determine how many of those people are likely to be inflicted with rabies. Public health practitioners need to be well briefed with what binomial probabilities and distributions are so that they will be able to make sound decisions based on data that they have on hand.Oftentimes, public health practitioners that have responsibilities at the macro-level are placed with decisions involving prioritization wherein the one responsible needs to make a decision that would concern the division of a limited amount of resources. With information that can be modeled using a binomial distribution, the public health practitioner would be able to have a more reliable idea on how t o allocate such resources.Going back to the example of rabies, if several outbreaks occurred at the same time in different areas with a different animal causing each outbreak, then based on the probability of getting rabies from each particular animal and the number of patients bitten in each area, a public health practitioner can use binomial distributions as a good basis for allocating a limited number of personnel, equipment, and medicine for each of the areas. Many diseases such as cancer or AIDS can be described as a binomial experiment. That is, one either has cancer or does not and one either has AIDS or does not.In such cases, knowledge of the binomial distribution can be very useful to public health officers in enabling them to predict the likelihoods associated with the condition occurring on a certain population. References Gerstman, B. (2007). Basic Biostatistics: Statistics for Public Health Practice. Jones & Bartlett Villeneuve, P. (2002). â€Å"Binomial Distribution. † Encyclopedia of Public Health. Ed. Lester Breslow. Gale Cengage. Retrieved December 26, 2008 from eNotes. com: http://www. enotes. com/public-health-encyclopedia/binomial-distribution

Fifth Element of Game Theory Essay

As each of the competing companies watchfully study the moves made by the others in the same industry they all belong to, they sometimes end up deciding to just do the best they can to win the biggest share in the market – without spending more time focusing of the others. This direction, when taken by the industry players, results to the occurrence of â€Å"Nash equilibrium. † (Economics 11th Edition by Richard G. Lipsey & Paul N. Courant, UK: HarperCollins College Publishers, 1996) The above graph illustrates the Nash equilibrium and the optimum result that it leads to (Osborne, An Introduction to Game Theory). As opposed to how badly things may end up for the competing players, Nash equilibrium brings in profitable results for everybody. As opposed to getting stuck with the â€Å"prisoner’s dilemma† or the â€Å"pride game†, companies in this scenario have individually opted to stick to the strategies that they believe will work and will hand them the market dominance that will secure their place as the industry leader. Effects of Equilibrium Equilibrium brings balance to the economy – whether long- or short-lived. As a temporary phase that may or may not be maintained, equilibrium occurs when there is no tendency for change in the decisions of the economic entities regarding their products and services, the price and volume that they will supply, and the demand segment that they will target. (Lipsey & Courant 510) Equilibrium comes in different forms as prevailing circumstances vary. â€Å"In the macroeconomic goods market, equilibrium occurs when planned aggregate expenditure is equal to aggregate output. † Thus, the volume that the suppliers has made available in the market is the same volume that buyers will actually buy. Meanwhile, equilibrium in the financial markets is attained when the supply of money is equal to the demand for money (Case & Fair 67). In this setting, qualified borrowers find that there are loans that they can avail. In the same setting, financial institutions are able to use in their operations the idle cash in their coffers – they issue loans to maximize their income from lending activities. Equilibrium has been thoroughly explored as a concept and has been attributed with all kinds of applications arising from distinct circumstances and conclusions. It is not surprising that there evolved a specialized branch of game theory called â€Å"General Equilibrium Theory† which is widely used in analyzing the public and private sectors of the economy. (David Levine website) Freddie Mac in the Game Theory Freddie Mac never had to ward off many competitors in the industry. As one of the two giants –the other one being Fannie Mae – serving the country’s secondary mortgage market, the gaming area has turned out to be definitely spacious. Indeed, there is the entire USA as the territory to be serviced and there come the banks to take care of dealing with them – then there come Freddie Mac, Fanny Mae and Ginny to pour in the needed financial resources. With Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae issuing or guaranteeing a total of $5. 4 trillion in outstanding mortgage debt, these two companies practically make up the entire mortgage industry. Furthermore, they are equipped with all the needed ammunition for winning: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have indisputable strong points. Due to the implied backing of the United States government, they enjoy virtually unlimited access to the capital markets at funding costs that are below market. They pay no local taxes, only national. Each has enjoyed tremendous growth and profitability. As the biggest issuers of mortgage-backed securities and corporate securities in the world, the biggest buyers and hedgers of the securities in the world, and, not least, the source of liquidity for more than 75% of conventional and conforming home mortgages extended in this country, it could be argued that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are about as central to the American capital markets as the Treasury Department. (Annaly webstie) (Source: World Socialist website) Indeed, with their coveted roles as providers of a continuing supply of money for the banking institutions engaged in retail lending to the multitudes, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae own the game. As competitors offering the same products and services, enjoying the same rare privileges and dealing with the same clients, Freddie Mac and Fannie May have consistently been like identical twins – though Fannie May turns out to be decades older than Freddie Mac. With each one of them keen on beating the other, the strategies and packages they resorted to turned out to work for both of them, at least during the booming growth years of the industry. Consistent with the Nash equilibrium concept, a report that came out in the Spring of 2002 showed that fully one-half of 2002’s 1. 2% gain in real GDP growth was brought on by the housing activities across the country. (Annaly website) Freddie Mac and Fannie May have been playing the Nash Equilibrium game. In such a game as theirs, â€Å"players play the best they can given their beliefs, and they have learned all there is to learn about their opponent’s play† (David Levine website). Works Cited Osborne, Martin. An Introduction to Game Theory. Oxford University Press, 2002. Lipsey, Richard & Courant, Paul. Economics 11th Edition. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers, 1996. Case, Karl & Fair, Ray. Principles of Economics 8th Edition. Prentice Hall, 2007. Levine, David. What is Game Theory? Department of Economic, UCLA. 29 October 2008 Annaly. com Website. FAQs on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, 29 October 2008 World Socialist Web Site. The Importance of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. 29 October 2008

Student communication in online classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Student communication in online classes - Essay Example The impact of students’ teamwork and mixing upon their propensity to thrive as well as the displeasure of habitual learners towards the missing students was also studied. Factors like reduced connectivity and costliness of the internet service were found to cause students to make optimum use of the online service which is not possible for the missing or irregular users to achieve. Faith among the donors results from the quality and not the number of their donations. Finally, the authors recommend ways to escape the read-only partaking. Usual communiquà © and online statuses, stress upon excellence, well-constructed statuses, deliberations about scores, advice, individual grading of group tasks, shifting of members among groups have been identified as the facts that promote online interaction. Just reading decreases an individual’s ability to gain knowledge and he/she can not play a role in the modification of the learners’ online

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present Term Paper - 4

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present - Term Paper Example Theories have been advanced to give an in-depth explanation of the scope of animal ethics as they try to explain the boundaries within which animal ethics should exist and what human beings are expected to do in order to ensure their moral obligation as far as animal ethics is concerned. There are three groups of theories that have been advanced so far that try to explain issues concerning animal ethics and morality. They include; indirect theories, direct moral theories and moral equality theories (Beauchamp). Therefore, this paper examines issues concerning animal ethics and morality by examining the above theories. Indirect theories are against animal ethics as they argue that animals are not entitled to any form of moral status or equal considerations to man since they lack consciousness (Beauchamp). This means they are not able to make sound decisions, moreover they cannot think independently hence they should be treated less of human beings are they do not form part of the moral community hence they have no rights to be protected (Palmer). Despite that, the theories do not encourage animals to be harmed as they possess a sense of sentiment thus their feelings should be respected. Direct theories are those that accord animals moral considerations but the moral status that is accorded to animals is limited in nature since animals are unable to recognize the rights of other agents and respect them thus they cannot be included in the moral community (Palmer). The theories argue that actions by human beings should not harm animals directly but whenever conflict of interest between animals and hu man beings sets in the interests of human beings always supersedes as human beings are always supreme over all other animals. The moral equality theories, on the other hand, argue that animals and human beings ought to be treated equally. The theories ignore the special characteristics that are often associated with human

Business Ethics in Ford Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business Ethics in Ford Motor Company - Essay Example The ethical issue in discussion will be ignoring customer complaints. Ford Motor Company is an American automaker based in Detroit Michigan. The multinational. The company was incorporated in 1903. It was founded by Henry ford. It sells most of its commercial brands and automobiles under the â€Å"Ford† brand and sells its luxury vehicles under the brand â€Å"Lincoln.† Preceded by General Motors, Ford in currently ranked as the second largest auto maker in the U.S. Though the company adheres to most of its ethical code, it has been found to ignore some. Birsch (1994) states that one such case and point is the infamous â€Å"Ford Pinto Case.† The company has also faced other cases including a class action law suit for racial discrimination in 2006. This is according to Ferrellet al (2013). In more recent times, Ford Motor Company has been accused of not paying attention to customer complains. This seems to be a weakness in the company’s ethics as it is ign oring customer complaints that led to the Ford Pinto case. This is according to Birsch (1994). Many are of the opinion that the company is in dire straits and is willing to sacrifice its customers so as to save itself. Many people claim to have for example given numerous complaints about the Ford F-150 King Ranch. A car which they say has many problems. Local dealerships have turned a deaf ear to this and so has the manufacturer. Customers claim that it is universal practice for Ford to deny that a problem exists until ones warranty expires. This behavior by the manufacturer has led owners of recent ford models to lose confidence in their vehicles. Problems have also been found in the Ford Ranger. Problems with their vehicles range from minor to quite dangerous. There have been reports of Ford Ranger XLT brakes failing to work when it’s raining. Such a problem could prove disastrous.

Making Projects Successful Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Making Projects Successful - Essay Example Additionally, the growth of a business demands that the essential transformations to business processes such as acquisitions and mergers, novel service as well as product lines, new branches, regulatory requirements, and latest IT systems should be determined and maintained more quickly. Thus, the IT decision-makers have to recognize and present the entire applicable information in a reliable format. They have to incorporate the complete information on the IT landscape (EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research, 2004) & (Dodaro, 1998). In case of too long IT planning there is need to establish an exercise in number-crunching, as well shallow in its concern of the influence to the planning, forcing economical assessments that dont attain preferred outcomes. However, this could be done via a high-quality IT planning procedure. Additionally, for the business reliable decision-making it is essential to describe methodology, framework, or process. The IT planning for a business consists of the entire of the operations and activities that hold up dependable decision-making. To formulate quality decisions, the procedure should establish the correct questions and supply the information that is able to up hold the decision-making (EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research, 2004) & (Dodaro, 1998). In scenario of IT planning metrics is a way of quantifying the individuality of things like that products and processes. Additionally, the metrics describes what is to be calculated, how it is calculated, the unit of assessment as well as the source of the data. However, a metrics has to incorporate the similar knowledge regarding IT planning to a number of controls data, for example, corporate historical data or benchmark. Additionally, the intelligent collection of data from a well-planned and continuing IT metrics plan will facilitate management to recognize which of their actions are performing well as well as

Explain the key arguments presented by Thomas Szasz (in the texts Essay

Explain the key arguments presented by Thomas Szasz (in the texts studied on this course) against the current practice of psychiatry. Assess the significant strengths and weaknesses - Essay Example psychiatry is against autonomy and individual choice; psychiatry is based on false assumptions which cannot be proven; and finally, that psychiatry should be a means through which there is an attempt to help individuals understand themselves and others in society. One of the most significant arguments made by Szasz against psychiatry is that psychiatrists are successors to priests and other religious figures. This succession came about through getting directly involved in the attempt to solve the various problems that seem to be plaguing individuals, especially in the case where it was believed that these individuals needed spiritual intervention (Szasz 1974, p.181). He argues that this is exactly the case with modern psychiatry where practitioners seek to classify the various problems of living that some individuals in society might have as mental illnesses. The argument of classification is strength because it creates a situation where the psychiatrist comes to have incredible control over the lives of his patients and this in such a manner that he is able to determine what he would like to do with them. That psychiatrists have a level of power over their patients comes about through their being able to recommend that they be confined in me ntal institutions for a certain period as a means of treating their mental illnesses. It creates a situation where it is extremely difficult for individuals in society to escape the clutches of control because psychiatrists, using medical terms, act as priests did using religious terms, can still impose control over those who have put their faith in them. A weakness of this argument is that it does not attempt to show the origins of the behaviours which can be considered as not being normal within human society. Such behaviours include the mentality of murderers who do not feel remorse for their actions despite the latter being horrific. However, one would agree with Szasz’z argument because it is a means of showing the

The Exodus and Yahwehs Relationship with the Hebrews Essay

The Exodus and Yahwehs Relationship with the Hebrews - Essay Example This was instrumental in the creation of the country of Israel. The Zionist movement derived its inspiration from the Exodus that is described in the Old Testament of The Holy Bible. This then becomes the point in history that provided the Jews with an incident to look up to and a precedent to live up to. This paper shall look at the different aspects of this historical connection and the relationship that Yahweh had with the Hebrews. According to Rabbi Irving Greenberg, the main aspect of the importance of the Exodus is the fact that it can be connected to the modern secular concept of upliftment. The Jewish idea of liberation from Exodus can be applied, according to him, to the modern concepts of economics that seek to look at development and justice for the poor and the weak. This is exactly what God had attempted to do during the Exodus. The Exodus had provided an opportunity for the poor and the weak to migrate from a tyrannical Egypt to the Promised Land where they could then a ttain a standard of living that would be humane and just. The idea of justice is thus, what God promises in return for faith. Greenberg’s ideas are a bit far-fetched in as much as they equate faith and economics. However, it is also true that the ideas of empowerment of the weak are present in both modern economics and the ideas of religious justice. The Exodus is remembered in present times through acting out the exodus in one’s own life.... In this sense, the exodus has a greater significance. It can also be seen in a metaphorical sense whereby the exodus becomes a movement for personal fulfillment and personal empowerment. This then also becomes for the Jews of the present, a call to create a better world. It becomes a call to utopia in the world, in the way that the God of the Old Testament envisaged it. The collective action of the Exodus is then looked upon using the lens of personal religious involvement. The conflation of the personal and the religious then becomes an important part of the observance of the remembrance of the Exodus. Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, during the Exodus, made it clear that he would provide protection to them during their movement from Egypt to the land that he had promised them (Berit). This concept of the protection of Yahweh always being present is then an important part of the life of a Jew even in present times. The basis of the Zionist movement has remained this implicit faith in the protection that would be offered by god to the people who have faith in him. The people who migrated to what is today known as Israel too had in them this faith. They were confident of the promise that Yahweh had made to them. Their identity was based largely upon this promise and this bound all Jews into one group. This then has been instrumental in the creation of an identity for the Jews of modern times in different parts of the world. The importance of this lies in the fact that a moment in history that had passed much earlier is held up as important for the creation of the identity of a later generation. The religious significance of the Exodus and the relationship between the Hebrews and Yahweh lies in the bond that is created between

Medical law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Medical law - Case Study Example The legal medical standards and ethical decision making styles in healthcare today are the predominant factors in caring for patients in an appropriate and caring manner. For many years now there have been intense debates concerning the ethical implications of euthanasia in medical care. The medical law has clearly defined that any form of euthanasia, including forms of assisted suicide or even discussion of suicide with a patient is unethical and morally wrong, not to mention illegal in the UK. Therefore despite the fact that euthanasia might at times appear to be the more humane way to control and perhaps provide sincere care to a patient, it is not something that is legally allowed within all of the countries that make up the geographic regions of the UK. Because of the legal boundaries involved with this form of medical care, many people travel great distances simply to have the ability to have their own wishes upheld. Also, there exists a great deal of confusion with the law and the comprehensive level of those contemplating euthanasia. Many citizens all around the UK don't fully understand what euthanasia entails and why it is considered by som e to be so unethical and immoral either. Euthanasia is a form of care that can be defined as, "either painlessly putting to death or failing to prevent death from natural causes in cases of terminal illness or irreversible coma" (Bender et al 1989). The term comes from the Greek expression for "good death." Now, this short definition has been found to be a cause for debates all over the world, with specific emphases in the UK itself. Doctors, politicians, religious leaders, lawyers, and the general public argue over the legislation that would allow or forbid euthanasia. Currently, there are only two countries, which permit such "activity"; and these are the Netherlands and Belgium. As was said, citizens in countries such as England and Britain often travel to the Netherlands in particular to have their wishes to end their lives upheld. This is considered morally wrong by many as well because if an individual is suffering terribly from untreatable throat cancer and there is no way to extend their quality of life, then the q uestion is, "why make them suffer" Of course current UK legislation obviously does bring on a lot of heart ache for many of those in its borders. This is undoubtedly where some of the more differing viewpoints come into a clearer perspective. There also exists another subsidiary concept other than the basic form of euthanasia which is known as, "Passive Euthanasia" (Bender et al 1989). This form of euthanasia is understood to come into being when treatment to a patient is intentionally withheld or withdrawn to prolong life in many cases (Bender et al 1989). It is the notion of hastening the death of a person by altering some form of medical support that they are receiving and letting nature take its course that is an example of passive euthanasia. Some forms of this would be incidents that include repudiation of chemotherapy, radiation, antibiotics, and also the refusal of donor blood for needed transfusions. Also, stopping medications,

Integrated Service Digital Network Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Integrated Service Digital Network - Assignment Example Moreover, it revolutionized the use of the internet. Much similar to its precursor, the service of dial-up internet, ISDN uses a phone line. In addition, it put the standard for the telephone data service (Dean, 2010). Â  It enables the hook up of the local cable TV line to a PC and receives data close to 1.5 Mbps. This device is addable to or can be integrated with a set-top box, which provides a TV set with Internet access channels. Commonly, they are provided as part of the service of cable access. Furthermore, they are not bought directly and set up by the subscriber (Sobh, Elleithy, & Mahmood, 2010). Â  As the Sr. System Administrator of Minnesota Consulting Group, I would recommend RFID (radio frequency identification), portable cell phones and handheld inventory scanners to Star Clothing. This is because the company can use RFID in reducing theft. Moreover, the company can also use handheld inventory scanners in the control of inventories. In addition, the portable cell phones are cost-effective ways of communications between different departments.

Double Standards Every Woman Should Know Essay Example for Free

Double Standards Every Woman Should Know Essay For this book analysis I chose to read a book from this list of books that hasn’t been mentioned much in class. We have been talking about God and topics that are more controversial in society. I read the book He’s a Stud, She’s a Slut, and 49 Other Double Standards Every Woman Should Know by Jessica Valenti. This book was easy to read with Valentis short essays and thoughts on modern feminism, stereotypes, and heightening ones awareness to pervasive myths about women. Double standards are nothing new. Women deal with them every day. Take the common truism that women who sleep around are sluts while men are studs. None of the information was really unexpected or suprising to me because it’s all true. Every women is stereotyped by the way she talks, the way she dresses, her personality, etc, while a man isn’t really stereotyped because people think it’s ok for men to do the things they do, that it makes him look like a stud not a player. The examples Valenti uses are familiar and widespread: he’s tough, she’s a tomboy; he’s a bachelor, she’s a spinster; he’s angry, she’s PMSing; he’s successful, she’s a showoff. Perhaps the most widely cited is the â€Å"he’s the boss, she’s a bitch† scenario, which has been the subject of countless editorials in the past decade. Some of the questions I was seeking to answer when reading this book were am I a feminist? What can feminism do for me? This book made me realize I am a feminist. I believe men and women should all have equal rights and opportunities. Some people may not want to admit they are feminist because they think that feminists are mean, angry, man hating, hairy, lesbians, but they really aren’t. In all of reality feminism refers to movements aimed at establishing and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Some questions that have arisen are why is it that men grow distinguished and sexily gray as they age while women just get saggy and haggard? Isn’t it unfair that working moms are labeled bad for focusing on their careers while we shake our heads in disbelief when we hear about the occasional stay at home dad? 3a. â€Å"When I was in high school, I had a reputation—a bad one,† she writes. â€Å"It felt, at the time, like the reputation†¦had materialized out of nowhere. And I was confused.† That experience helped to shape her fascination with how the prevailing culture puts men and women into different categories, even when they act in the exact same way. She was categorized because of her sex which wasn’t fair to her, and it isn’t fair to many other women that are being categorized because of their sex. Men aren’t any better then women. 3b. When Valenti said â€Å"He’s dating a young woman, she’s a cougar?† Really? I thought men were cradle robbers. Men aren’t studs anymore, they’re usually players or, simply, douche bags. I probably agree that some double standards do exist but I tend to think that this whole patriarchal society thing, while it is somewhat valid, is honestly most often perpetuated by women j udging each other.

Causes of the 2008 Sovereign Debt Crisis in Europe

Causes of the 2008 Sovereign Debt Crisis in Europe â€Å"Discuss the causes of the sovereign debt crisis in Europe since 2008 and critically analyse the proposed responses. It is important that you inform your arguments using academic literature.† Introduction The European sovereign debt crisis came to prominence in late 2009, when newly elected Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou announced that previous governments had been distorting the country’s deficit data (Nelson et al., 2012). A revision of the budget deficit forecast was revealed as 12.7% of GDP – a valuation that was almost double the previous figure of 6.0% (Gibson et al. 2012). The reaction to this was a fall in investor confidence, which caused sovereign bond yields to rise to an all-time high (see Appendix 1). This impacted not only Greece, but also other heavily indebted countries within the Eurozone – identified as peripheral nations (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain). There is growing concern within the Eurozone that these periphery nations could ultimately default on their sovereign debt. European banks currently hold a large portion of the regions government bonds (see Appendix 2); if one nation was to default on its sovereign debt payments it would cause financial pressure throughout the Eurozone (Constà ¢ncio 2012). This is a known as financial contagion, a term described by Dornbusch (2000) as the spread of market shocks from one country to another. The fear of contagion has forced the European Central Bank (ECB) to bailout a number of the periphery nations; however, this is not viewed as a sustainable practice. The aim of this essay is to identify the causes of the sovereign debt crisis and analyse the proposed responses by the European Union (EU). Causes A complex phenomenon, such as the sovereign debt crisis, is built up of a variety of elements. Most analysts believe that the crisis was caused by structural weaknesses present both at the European and national levels, along with factors specific to (Dombret 2013). The structure of the Eurozone is a key factor contributing to the current crisis. A structural deficit exists within the Eurozone with the fact that there is a single monetary policy and decentralised fiscal policy. This creates an imbalance as the monetary policy is controlled by the ECB, whereas individual member states are trusted to set their own revenues and expenditures (Lapavitsas et al. 2010). Given this imbalance, it has led to ‘fiscal free-riding’ by the peripheral economies. These nations have had an increased incentive to borrow as the cost of debt is spread across the entire currency area. The Stability and Growth Pact was created to regulate fiscal expenditure, with one of its tenants being that annual government expenditure should not exceed 3% of GDP (see Appendix 3); however, due to a lack of automatic sanctions, these rules have been universally broken, thus setting the pathway to the current crisis (Anand et al. 2012). The mispricing of sovereign risk and subsequent misuse of capital is also a significant factor that has led to the sovereign debt crisis. As the periphery prepared to join the Euro, their sovereign bond yields began converging with those of the core nations (see Appendix 4). This allowed the periphery access to substantial amounts of low-cost credit, which traditionally, they had not experienced before. Voltz (2012) suggests that the sovereign risk of the periphery was mispriced by the capital markets, which has led to an â€Å"unsustainable accumulation of private and public debt†. In Greece, the inflow of capital financed excessive government spending, whilst in Ireland and Spain it led to creation of banking and real-estate bubbles. When capital markets tightened during the financial crisis of 2008, the unsustainability of these debts became apparent as the periphery struggled to finance its existing sovereign debt. Moreover, the governments were forced to assume private se ctor debt as national banks declined and speculative bubbles burst necessitating large bailout packages (Nelson et al. 2012). The Eurozone created an illusionary sense of prosperity. Lin (2012) explains that the sense of prosperity was illusionary as there was a progressive loss of competiveness of the periphery in relation to the core. This loss of competitiveness was partly a result of sharp wage rises in the non-core countries, leading to large current account deficits (Lapavitsas 2012). These deficits were funded by sovereign debt, with most of the debt being held by the core’s banks – a key factor in increasing contagion risk. Historically, nations running a current account deficit would devalue their currency in order to improve their position (Simkovic 2011); however, due to the monetary policy inflexibility within the Eurozone this is not possible. A culmination of the factors mentioned above has resulted in a huge fall in investor confidence, marked by a decrease in available credit (see Appendix 5). Due to the high levels of high risk sovereign debt, Standard Poor has downgraded the credit ratings of a number of Eurozone nations. To regain global confidence, the EU must provide a strategy that will tackle the underlying issues present within the Eurozone. Responses The immediate response from the EU has been to create financial firewalls. These have been in the form of rescue mechanisms, such as the EFSF (2010-2013) ESM (2012+), which have the ability to buy sovereign debt, recapitalise banks and provide bailout packages to the Eurozone nations (Thesing 2011). However, this is a short term solution to a long term problem. Regling (2012), CEO of EFSF, has stated that the mechanisms should only be used to â€Å"buy time† while the root causes are eliminated. This calls for responses aimed at reducing government debts and deficits, as well as structural reforms at European and national levels. A favoured approach by national governments to contain their finances has been an implementation of fiscal consolidation. AÄÅ ¸ca (2013) defines fiscal consolidation as policies that â€Å"cut budget deficits and reduce public debt levels†. The ECB and IMF have been aiding nations with the design, implementation and supervision of these policy reforms. Fiscal consolidation has, so far, proven to be a success, with Ireland’s sovereign bond yields falling from 11.8% to 3.5%. Undoubtedly, this route of austerity carries negative implications. As well as the social costs involved, fiscal consolidation is known to stagnate economic growth (Anand 2012). To regain investor confidence, the fiscal policies need to be coupled with national structural reforms aimed at increasing competitiveness (Dombret 2013). Ireland and Spain have both reduced their current account deficits through the use of these reforms (see Appendix 6), highlighting that the periphery must embrace this strategy. As we have discussed, the lack of fiscal control and regulation was a major factor in the birth of the sovereign debt crisis. To rectify this problem there has been major responses a European level. A new reform of the Stability Growth Pact, known as the fiscal compact, was created in 2011 with the aim of providing â€Å"enhanced coordination in fiscal and economic policy† within the Eurozone (Regling 2012). This reform ensures member states adhere to the 3% deficit and 60% debt-to-gdp rules of the Maastricht Treaty, through the creation of an automatic sanction procedure. A yearly review of Member States’ budgetary and structural policies, known as the European Semester, has also been put into effect (Bowler 2013). These structural reforms will help put government finances on track. However, it does not address the underlying issue that member states are trusted to set their own fiscal budgets. To address this issue, analysts have called for the creation of a European fiscal union. Weidmann (2012) believes that a fiscal union provides the â€Å"cornerstone of framework for the monetary union†. To achieve this, it would require deeper political integration within the Eurozone; this would necessitate legislative changes at both the European and national level. Accomplishing the required level of political integration, with the 18 member-states, would be a near-impossible task due to the conflicting agendas and ideals (Feust 2012). Hence, if they structural deficits within the Eurozone are to be fixed, these nations will need to work collectively. A current topic of debate has been to do with the potential introduction of so called â€Å"Eurobonds†, where bonds are issued on a European front and finances distributed accordingly. While the introduction of these bonds would send a statement of commitment to the Euro (Nelson et al. 2012), the incentive to increase debt would rise as the liability would be spread across the member-nations. This would result in a case of the core, again, paying for the actions of the periphery. Conclusion Nevertheless, the European sovereign debt crisis remains a growing problem for the global economy. I feel the elemental decision that needs to be made is whether the euro should be brought closer together, or whether it would be best for the future of the Eurozone to sever ties with the periphery. Although fracturing the euro is a radical response, it may be the only way to curb the threat financial contagion poses. Regardless of the decision made, the European sovereign debt crisis has exposed dangers of fiscal recklessness, and should serve as a lesson to future economists, governments and monetary unions (Sandoval et al. 2011). Reference List AÄÅ ¸ca, S. Deniz, I. (2013),Fiscal Consolidation and the Cost of Credit: Evidence from Syndicated Loans . IMF Working Paper[Online]. Available at:http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp1336.pdf(Accessed: 2th February 2014). Anand, M. R., Gupta, G. L., Dash, R. (2012),The euro zone crisis Its dimensions and implications. Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Minsitry of Finance, India.[Online]. Available at:http://mof.gov.in/WorkingPaper/euro_zone_crisis.pdf(Accessed: 10th February 2014). Constà ¢ncio, V. (2012), â€Å"Contagion and the European debt crisis†,Financial Stability Review,(No. 16), pp. 110. Dornbusch, R., Park, Y. C. Claessens, S. (2000), â€Å"Contagion: Understanding How It Spreads†,World Bank Res Obs,Vol. 15(No. 2), pp. 177-197. Dombret, A. (2011),Europes sovereign debt crisis causes and possible solutions,Available at:http://www.bis.org/review/r120111b.pdf(Accessed: 4th February 2014). Dombret, A. (2013),The European Sovereign Debt Crisis – Past, Present and Future,Available at:http://www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/EN/Reden/2013/2013_08_26_dombret.html(Accessed: 7th February 2014). Fuest, C. Peichl, A. (2012),European Fiscal Union: What Is It? Does It Work? And Are There Really ‘No Alternatives’?. IZA Policy Paper No. 39[Online]. Available at:http://ftp.iza.org/pp39.pdf(Accessed: 3rd February 2014). Gibson, H. D., Hall, S.G. Tavlas, G. S. (2011),The Greek financial crisis: growing imbalances and sovereign spreads. Working Papers 124[Online]. Available at:http://www.bankofgreece.gr/BogEkdoseis/Paper2011124.pdf(Accessed: 1st February 2014). Lapavitsas, C., Kaltenbrunner, A., Lindo, D., Michell, J., Painceira, J. P., Pires, E., Powell, J., Stenfors, A. Teles, N. (2010), â€Å"Eurozone crisis: beggar thyself and thy neighbour†,Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies,Volume 12(Issue 4), pp. 312-373 [Online]. Available at:http://researchonmoneyandfinance.org/media/reports/eurocrisis/fullreport.pdf(Accessed: 8th February 2014). Lin, J. Y. Treichel, V. (2012),The Crisis in the Eurozone,Available at:http://www.worldfinancialreview.com/?p=2303(Accessed: 6th February 2014). Lapavitsas, C. (2012),Crisis in the Eurozone, New York: Verso Books. Nelson, R. M., Belkin, P., Mix, D. E. Weiss, M. A. (2012),The Eurozone Crisis: Overview and Issues for Congress. US Congressional Research Service Reports[Online]. Available at:http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42377.pdf(Accessed: 8th February 2014). Regling, K. (2012),Europe’s Response to the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. Anders Chydenius Free Trade Seminar[Online]. Available at:http://www.efsf.europa.eu/attachments/20120608_speech regling_anders_chydenius_seminar_kokkola_en.pdf(Accessed: 2nd February 2014). Sandoval, L., Beltran, E., Ulziikhutag, S. Zorigt, T. (2011),The European Sovereign Debt Crisis: Responses to the Financial Crisis. New Voices In Public Policy Vol. 5[Online]. Available at:www.journals.gmu.edu/index.php/newvoices/article/download/4/4(Accessed: 4th February 2014). Somkovic, M. (2011),Bankruptcy Immunities, Transparency, and Capital Structure,Available at:http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTGILD/Resources/Jan11-FC-Simkovic.pdf(Accessed: 6th February 2014). Thesing, G. (2011),European Rescue Fund May Buy Bonds, Recapitalize Banks, ECBs Stark Says,Available at:http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-22/ecb-s-stark-says-rescue-fund-may-buy-bonds-recapitalize-banks.html(Accessed: 9th February 2014). Voltz, U. (2012),Lessons of the European Crisis for Regional Monetary and Financial Integration in East Asia. ADBI Working Paper Series[Online]. Available at:http://www.adbi.org/files/2012.02.21.wp347.lessons.european.crisis.east.asia.pdf(Accessed: 3rd February 2014). Weidmann, J. (2012),Everything flows? The future role of monetary policy,Available at:http://www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/EN/Reden/2012/2012_06_14_weidmann_everything_flows_the_future_role_of_monetary_policy.html(Accessed: 4th February 2014).

Gaussian Mixture Model

Gaussian Mixture Model Many computer related vision technology, it is critical to identify moving objects from a sequence of videos frames. In order to achieve this, background subtraction is applied which mainly identifies moving objects from each portion of video frames. Background subtraction or segmentation is a widely used technique in video surveillance, target recognitions and banks. By using the Gaussian Mixture Model background model, frame pixels are deleted from the required video to achieve the desired results. The application of background subtraction involves various factors which involve developing an algorithm which is able to detect the required object robustly, it should also be able to react to various changes like illumination, starting and stopping of moving objects. Surveillance is the monitoring of the behaviour, activities or other changing information usually of people and often ina surreptitiousmanner. Video surveillance is commonly used for event detection and human identification. But it is not easy as think to detect the event or tracking the object. There are many techniques and papers introduced by many scientists for the backend process in the video surveillance. Different automated softwares are used for the analysis of the video footage. It tracks large body movements and objects. In this report we discuss the application of mixture of Gaussian (M.O.G) which is used as a background subtraction model in order to achieve object/target recognition; this method involves calculation the mean and standard deviation of each pixel frame which will be discussed more in detailed as the report progresses. 2. Background Subtraction (Literature Review) Figure 1 Background subtraction Flow Diagram [1] According to [1], the above figure shows the basic flow diagram on how background subtraction algorithm is based. The four important steps described by [1] and which play an important role in background subtraction are described below and include: 2.1 Preprocessing Temporal or spatial smoothing is used in the early pre processing stage to eliminate device noise which can be a factor under different light intensity. Smoothing technique also includes removing various other elements like environment such as rain and snow.   In real-time systems, frame size and frame rate are commonly adopted to reduce the data processing rate. Another key factor in preprocessing technique is the data format used by the background subtraction model. Most algorithms can handle luminance intensity which is one scalar value per each pixel.   As shown in the examples below [2]: Figure 2 Image on the left shows snowing and image on the right is a resultant of smoothing effect In the figure 2, shown are two images which shows snow on the left and whereas with the application of spatial and temporal smoothing on right image results in the elimination of snow producing an more clear and effective image for background subtraction. 2.2 Background Modeling This step uses the new video frame in order to calculate and update the background model. The main aim of developing a background model is that it should be robust against environmental changes in the background, but sensitive enough to identify all moving objects of interest. 2.3 Foreground Detection In this step, it identifies the pixels in the frame. Foreground detection compares the video frame with the background model, and identify candidate foreground pixels from the frame. Commonly- used approach for foreground detection is to check whether the pixel is significantly different from the corresponding background estimate as show below: A different foreground detection scheme is normalised threshold based statistics as shown below: Where,  µd and are the mean and standard deviation of the for all spatial locations (x,y). 2.4 Data Validation Finally, this step eliminated any pixels which are not connected to the image. It involves the process of improving the foreground mask based on the information obtained from the outside background model. Most background models lack three main points: 1. Ignoring any correlation between neighbouring pixels 2. The rate of adaption may not match the moving speed of the foreground object. 3. Non-stationary pixels, from moving leavers or shadow cast by moving objects are at times mistaken for true foreground objects. 3. Background Reading There are different types of background modelling which are as follows: 3.1 Simple Frame Difference Frame difference is considered the simplest form of background subtraction. The method involves the subtraction of previous pixel frame with current pixel frame and if the value obtained from this greater than a set threshold then it is considered as the foreground. Advantages: Less complex The method can easily and quickly adapt to changes Able to distinguish the background from foreground much affectively. Disadvantages: Not Robust, object has to continuously move. Only applicable when with fixed camera. Fails to handle illumination changes. 3.2 Moving Average Filtering Referring from [3], Moving Average filtering is a method in which an estimate value of a particular background pixel value is weighted as average of the previous values. Pixels in the far part are weighted at Zero and the weights increase smoothly.  Ã‚   3.3 Online Gaussian Model In this method, we assume the background as a Gaussian distribution rather than a single value. To calculate Gaussian for 1-D is as follows[4]: Where, x is the current pixel value,  µ is the mean of each pixel and sigma is the standard deviation of the pixel. Finally, the following equations are used in online updated of Gaussian mean and variance: In the above equations[4]:  µ(t) is the mean for each pixel where ÃŽÂ ± is the learning rate, t is the time of the previous pixel and x is the current pixel value. à Ã†â€™2(t) is the standard deviation of the each pixels. The foreground decision rule applied here is when the distance between each pixel value and Gaussian model is larger than a certain threshold, it is considered as the Foreground. 3.3 GMM Gaussian Mixture Model In order to use GMM the following equations are considered: In the above equations [4]:  µ(t) is the mean for each pixel where ÃŽÂ ± is the learning rate, t is the time of the previous pixel and x is the current pixel value. à Ã†â€™2(t) is the standard deviation of the each pixels. The description and implementation of GMM model will be discussed more in detail in the later part of the report 3.4 Codebook based Technique It is a method where a quantized and clustering technique is motivated by Kohonen to construct the background model from long observation sequences, without making any parameter assumptions. For each pixels, a codebook contains one or more codewords and mixed backgrounds can be modelled by using multiple codewords. Samples at each pixel are clustered into the set of codewords based on a color distortion metric together with a brightness ratio. [4] 4.0 Gaussian Mixture Model In this report we implement the Gaussian Mixture Model for background subtraction. This background subtraction model is more robust than other models discussed in previous section. Most importantly it can handle multi-modal situations e.g. trees and sky which is more effectively filtered by the GMM model. Each pixel value is modelled by a mixture of Gaussian rather than a particular type of distribution. Based on the variance of each of the Gaussian of the mixture, we determine which Gaussians may correspond to background colors. Pixel values that do not fix the background distributions are considered foreground until there is a Gaussian that includes them with sufficient consistent evidence supporting it [5]. This method is very adaptable with lighting changes, repetitive motions and slow moving objects. This method contains 2 main significant parameters -Alpha, the learning constant and T, the proportion of the data that should be accounted for by the background The Gaussian mixture components for a pixel have normalized weights calculated from the past observations. The likelihood that a pixel has a value of Xt is assumed to be:    [5] The parameters of the mixture components are updates with the new frames. A retrieved pixel value is compared with all the components of the mixture assigned to that pixel to find out if there is a match. A match is said to happen when the retrieved pixel value is within 2.5 times standard deviation of a mixture component. The update procedure is different for the matching component and other components. The mean values and the covariance matrices are updated for only the matching component. The value formulas for the matching components are: And the weights are updated with given formula    [6] In case there is not a match between the current pixel value and the mixture components related to that pixel .the component having the smallest likelihood with respect to the current pixel value is discarded. A new Gaussian component is created in place of the discarded one, having a mean value equal to the current pixel value, and a variance equal to a predetermined constant. To retrieve the foreground the following equation is used. Where, T is the threshold value for the sum of the weights.[6] 5.0 Algorithm In order to give a better understanding of the algorithm used for background subtraction the following steps were adopted to achieve the desired results: Firstly, we compare each input pixels to the mean mu of the associated components. If the value of a pixel is close enough to a chosen components mean, then that component is considered as the matched component. In order to be a matched component, the difference between the pixel and mean must be less than compared to the components standard deviation scaled by factor D in the algorithm. Secondly, update the Gaussian weight, mean and standard deviation (variance) to reflect the new obtained pixel value. In relation to non-matched components the weights w decreases whereas the mean and standard deviation stay the same. It is dependent upon the learning component p in relation to how fast they change. Thirdly, here we identify which components are parts of the background model. To do this a threshold value is applied to the component weights w. Fourthly, in the final step we determine the foreground pixels. Here the pixels that are identified as foreground dont match with any components determined to be the background. 6.0 Experimental Results For better results, median filter was used where the main purpose was to filter out unconnected pixels from the large connected pixels (e.g. people, vehicles) so that it was easy to distinguish between the background and foreground. With median filter the value of the output pixel is determined by the median of the neighboring pixels instead of the mean. Median has a much smaller insensitivity compared with mean to extreme values. The function used was medfilt2(A,[m n]). Figure 3 GMM Background Subtraction with high light intensity In the above image, the picture on the right shows the output of background subtraction using the GMM model. There is still false negative foreground detection which produces the disturbances in the image. Although it still shows the objects moving hence, making it suitable for object tracking. The reason for these disturbances can be narrowed down to illumination changes. Figure 4 GMM Background Subtraction with Low light intensity For the above, a short 30 second video was recorded where light intensity was moderate and the camera was still. It can be observed that the hand is visible and false negative detection is low which suggests that the model works robustly in low light intensities. From the above results, we can say that there are still improvements to be made in the algorithm mostly to work with illumination which increases the false negative background subtraction. 7.0 Further Improvements The GMM model used in this paper could be further tweaked to provide better results in terms of zero disturbances/noises. The use of morphological filters could be implemented into the algorithm to reduce these unconnected pixels which were seen in the figures above and make it more robust in object tracking. The algorithm has the capabilities of further improvements to run large size videos and importantly the ability to process more frames per seconds using larger number of Gaussians in the mixture model. Apart from the above improvements, we further plan to research the model using PTZ (Pan Tilt Zoom) technique to study the processing rate of frame/second and observe the robustness of the algorithm in terms of disturbances/noise. There are possibilities of false positive results where background could be recognised as foreground. 8.0 Conclusions In this project we implemented a very strong and widely used background subtraction method according to the paper Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking. This method is very adaptable for lighting changes and shadow removals. Also it finds the repetitive actions as well with the use of mixture of Gaussians. Alpha and T are the key parameters in this paper. The values of these parameters changes with the different cameras and different environment. So it is very important to get the best values for them to work with for different videos. Also we tried to improve the output quality by using some filtration methods like median filter. The guassain model is not perfect with the result since there are some disturbances after the modelling also. But there are many good post processing techniques are introduced and we referenced two of them. A new region Gaussian background model for video surveillance by Xun Cai and Long Jiang, and Improved Post-Processing for GMM based Adaptive Background Modeling by Deniz Turdu,Hakan Erdogan. But the 1st paper doesnt give any clear information about the techniques failed to explain the equations as well. Second paper introduces a very good technique and we couldnt able to get the result properly. But this assignment was very challenging for us and helped us to get a very good knowledge about different background subtraction methods used in Video surveillance. 9.0 References [1] Robust techniques for background subtraction in urban traffic video Sen-Ching S. Cheung and Chandrika Kamath, 2006/07 [2] Background Subtractions of Moving Objects https://computation.llnl.gov/casc/sapphire/background/background.html [3] Page444, Computer vision A modern approach, David A. Forsyth [4] Dr J. Zhang, CSC7006 Lecture 2 Slides, Queens University Belfast. [5] Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking, Chris Stafer, W.E.L Grimson [6] Improved Post processing for GMM based adaptive background modelling by Deniz Turdu, Hakan Erdogan

Macbeth: The True Nature of Man :: essays research papers

In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the author tries to show the true nature of man by using the play’s main character, Macbeth, as an example. He is overly ambitious, courageous, and self-doubting. Throughout the play, Shakespeare displays these characteristics to the audience through Macbeth to show the true nature of man. At the end of the play, these characteristics ultimately lead to Macbeth’s downfall. In the beginning of the play, Macbeth is described as being â€Å"valiant†. He is a skilled warrior, who is loyal to his king and his country. Almost single-handedly, he wins the war for Scotland. He defeats many of the enemy soldiers, including a traitor, all in the name of his king. But, when three witches encounter Macbeth and his friend Banquo, Macbeth’s ambition begins to grow. They tell Macbeth that he will be Thane of Cawdor and King. Soon after, Macbeth meets with King Duncan. He informs Macbeth that he is the new Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth is astonished, and from then on he is obsessed with being king. His ambition begins to become ruthless when Duncan proclaims that his son Malcolm is the Prince of Cumberland, and therefore, the heir to the throne: â€Å"The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step/On which I must fall down, or else o’erleap, /For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires;/Let not light see my black and deep desires:/The eye wink at the hand ; yet let that be/Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see.† (I,iv,48-53) At this moment, Macbeth, realizing that they stand in the way of the witches’ prophecies, decides that both Duncan and Malcolm need to die for him to be king. As soon as Macbeth kills Duncan, he enters into a world of evil. Later in the play, Macbeth’s ambition becomes increasingly ruthless. He kills his best friend Banquo, and almost kills Banquo’s son, Fleance, because he believes they would stand in the way of his reign. The witches told Banquo â€Å"Thou shall get kings, though thou be none.† (I,iii,67) This means that Banquo himself would not be a king, but that his successors would be. Macbeth tries to prevent this by killing Banquo and his son Fleance. Even though Macbeth can be called a tyrant and a murderer, he is nonetheless, very courageous. In the beginning of the play, he fights very bravely for his king and country.

Fahrenheit 451 as a Criticism of Censorship Essay -- Fahrenheit 451 Es

Fahrenheit 451 as a Criticism of Censorship      Ã‚  Ã‚   Ray Bradbury criticizes the censorship of the early 1950's by displaying these same themes in a futuristic dystopia novel called Fahrenheit 451. In the early 1950's Ray Bradbury writes this novel as an extended version of "The Fireman", a short story which first appears in Galaxy magazine. He tries to show the readers how terrible censorship and mindless conformity is by writing about this in his novel.    In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury uses "artificial stimulus", such as television and radio, to provide the reader with a feeling of how isolated the public is and how their minds are being controlled by this conformist government in the twenty-first century. He uses technology, like the Mechanical Hound and also drugs, to show the oppressiveness of the government in his novel. Ray Bradbury chooses to write this book after seeing many of his fellow writers and other entertainers being "blacklisted" by Senator Joseph McCarthy in the early 1950's. While he couldn't just openly oppose this behavior, for he would surely be censored, Bradbury writes about an exaggerated version of his own government in which books are burned along with the houses that harbors them. This is to demonstrate to the readers how letting the government censor their art could lead to more drastic measures. Such as editing one line in a book; then a page; then the whole book is condemned and burned along side the many other books and ideas that do not agree with the government. This then leads to the eventual condemnation of all books and forms of entertainment, which is not "politically correct" and/or agreeable to the government's ideas.    Bradbury uses artificial stimulus... ...writers, and other entertainers were blacklisted by McCarthy and some were even brought to trial under suspicion of being Communist.    In conclusion, Bradbury's criticism of the 1950's censorship and conformity opened the eyes of the public to the wrong-doings of the government at the time. Many people began to realize that they were being censored for almost everything and art, for example in the form of writing and film, was being simplified to almost nothing.    Works Cited Eller, Edward E. Essay on: "Fahrenheit 451" Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol.1. Detroit: Gale1997.pg 150-53 Wood, Diane S. Essay on: "Fahrenheit 451" Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol.1. Detroit: Gale1997.pg 153-55 Johnson, Wayne L Essay on: "Fahrenheit 451" Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol.1. Detroit: Gale1997.pg 156-57   

The Americanization of Puerto Rico :: American History

The Americanization of Puerto Rico When island inhabitants first heard that Americans were planning on invading Puerto Rico and driving out Spain's rulers, Puerto Ricans welcomed the North Americans to their home. (To view an in-progress work dealing with the Spanish-American War from a pro-colonial expansion point of view, visit this site/ For an objective historical account view this site). The Puerto Ricans were tired of not having a voice in politics and government and with the knowledge that America was a democracy, there was hope that this status quo would change. Although Puerto Ricans felt sentiments of fear at the arrival of the Americans, this did not curb their welcoming and enabling the American invasion. Unfortunately, the outcome of the invasion was not as positive as was thought it would be. During early U.S. rule, Puerto Ricans still were not included in the majority of governmental relations, and as with Spaniards, Americans who were sent to rule in Puerto Rico had never been there before and were i gnorant about the history, culture, Spanish language, etc. Basically, Puerto Rico continued being ruled by foreigners who sought to complete their own interests, as opposed to looking to what are the interests of the nation they are invading and ruling. A cogent metaphor in Ferrà ©'s novel for the unrequited hopes that Puerto Rico had when United States invaded is Tony Torres, who is supposedly going to dance in Kerenski's adaptation of Swan Lake and Firebird . The people who lived in Machuelo Abajo reacted to the news of Tony with respect and excitement. In my view, the initial reactions of Machuelo Abajo's young people, were on a smaller scale, comparable to the reaction of Puerto Ricans, especially the elite, to the proposed American invasion. Here is a sample of the reaction to Tony's being selected as Prince in the ballet school's production: "The young people in Machuelo Abajo saw him as a hero; it was the first time anyone from the slums had ever danced at La Perla or taken part in any way in any of its elegant cultural events. When posters advertising the performance, with Tony's picture, appeared all over town-affixed to the telephone poles and to the walls of buildings and to fences-the people of Manchuelo Abajo took them down, framed them, and hung them in their living rooms. (Ferrà ©, p. 170)" The Puerto Ricans, especially upper class, regarded the United States as the most powerful democracy in the world.

A successful family life prepares one for lasting friendships Essay

The family is the basic unit in a society. It is vital in shaping the future of an individual because it is the support system that holds the individual on to. The family is the first teachers in the life of a child. This is where the child is honed with its character, values and beliefs in life. They are the inspiration to any endeavour of an individual (buzzle. com). On the other hand, friends too are as important as the family. They are the support which most hold dear onto. They can be included as part of the family because they are regarded as close to everyone. Creating or making friends with anyone is a fruit of the family values which was incurred over time. This was not an inborn character of anyone but was learned through the teachings of the family and the character that is shown by the parents to their children. Making friends is not also an easy task. You have the option to choose whom do you want to make friends with. Friends do things together. They are friends because they saw in each other the values they look for in a person. This is not an easy task though. But more than friends it will entail a lot. Friendship requires trust, loyalty, having common interest and believing that no matter what happens they will be there for each other for the rest of their lives. This is difficult, yes, but it is true also that this should be taken into account by anyone who is serious with keeping friends for life (Ellison, C. 1990, p 298). A lot has been written about the issue on family and friendships but never delve deeper into it. In one of the topics that should be taken is that a successful family life prepares one for lasting friendships. I will be listing the reasons why still the family is vital factor in changing someone’s values, character and beliefs, their interaction with other people Family, as what I have mentioned earlier, is the shaper of the future of a child. Parents in particular teach their child to be more interactive. From the time they are born into this world they are taught how to make friends with other kids. One of the activities that are done is activities that require get-together of the neighbourhood kids. Even before they are born they are friends already because their moms or their dads are friends. This is how they start the friendship of the kids (Ellison, C. 1990, 299-300). In a happy family life, friendship is started among the siblings. They show to the kids that they are treated the same. They are treated fairly whatever happens because the parents want to show to their kids that they are unique and possess unique characters. They are taught how to share with their other siblings. They always inculcate in the minds of the children that they need people; they need friends in the long run. It is often said that it is okay to be alone sometimes but it is not okay to be lonely that is why maybe friends are created (Ellison, C. 1990, 302). The family prepares an individual how to deal life’s challenges in the long run. In the family, they are taught with chores where their patience, trust and loyalty will be tested. This may not be known to the kids but their parents are shaping them to be a better person as they go out to the world where there are many challenges they will encounter (Ellison, C. 1990, p 305-306). The family builds the self-esteem of a child. Making them unique in any way is very important in boosting the self-esteem and confidence of a child. Weighing things whenever they make mistake is very important in building their self-esteem especially when they are asked to explain things why they did those things. Through this they will be given the chance to explain and discuss what they want their parents know. This will build also the confidence to any child to open up to their parents not thinking of getting scolded by the parents (Franco, N. Levitt, MJ. 1998 p. 315). For a friendship to lasts, trust and loyalty are important factors in making friendship work. These also are shaped in the family as well. The family builds trust to a child when they also trust their kids that they can do anything. It is the conviction of the parents to build this character because it is very important to any interaction outside the family (Franco, N. Levitt, MJ. 1998 p. 315). Friendship is also defined as the â€Å"habitual way of relating to a person. † Being friends and making friends is a mutual feeling between two people or among people. It is said that friends do not come as a surprise but they are chosen as friends (Franco, N. Levitt, MJ. 1998 p. 316). Although it is has been said that the family shapes the character of a person and how they interact with their peers but it is argued that it is the kids or the people who chooses whom they be friends at. According to C. S. Lewis building friendships is not about mutual interests but being interested with one another. This is difficult though but can be a learning experience to anyone who wants to build long lasting friendships (Franco, N. Levitt, MJ. 1998, p. 317). In a family children are taught with responsibility. In friendships it requires responsibility and expectation. This is common to any friendship but it is difficult to build. If the child or the teenager is taught within the family they will bring it as soon as they get out of their homes and especially their comfort zones (Franco, N. Levitt, MJ. 1998, p. 317). Friendship also requires a lot of expectations. It may not be as difficult as entering into a marriage but it is like entering into a relationship for the first time. People have been talking about friendship since time immemorial but a lot of writers such as Aristotle, Cicero, and Augustine tried to debunk the issue that to have a successful friendship should also entail a successful family life. According to these writers, character and virtue is as important as what is developed inside the homes where families teach to their kids. They argue that you don’t have to be a good man or good woman to be a good cook which means that the character is shaped because of what they are in the society. As much as the same with friendship you don’t have to be a good man to be a good friend (Franco, N. Levitt, MJ. 1998, p. 317). People like Aristotle, Cicero, and Augustine believed that character strength was essential to friendship – so much so that, as they saw it, one cannot truly be a friend without it. C. S. Lewis, on the other hand, thought virtue was irrelevant to friendship. As he saw it, friendship â€Å"makes good men better – and bad men worse. † (Franco, N. Levitt, MJ. 1998, p. 318) A lot of things can happen when someone commits to be a friend to someone. Making friends is a responsibility to one another such as longer interactions compared to just friends they just met in a club or a meeting. Naturally, closer friends leading to a closer friendship assume more responsibility for one another than do those who are merely casual friends. Besides assuming responsibility for one another, we also begin to have expectations of one another. If I tell my friend something in confidence, I have the expectation that he or she won’t reveal my secrets to others. That’s just one example of the expectations we have of friends. One can easily think of others (Franco, N. Levitt, MJ. 1998, p. 319-321). In addition to that, as to what have been said by C. S Lewis, making friends is not about carrying the character that should be in a person and sharing it but sharing the common interest they have and giving out what they can to other person. Activities where they share the same interest can build a deeper relationship thus creating a long lasting friendship. This is what they want to teach that friendships are gained not learned (Halfacre, F. P. D. 1997). This is true to some but still I want to emphasise that characters and virtues that are honed within the family is still the best in building friendships outside the world. Children cannot teach their children to choose their friends but they teach them how to interact with their playmates. They teach the kids how to enjoy life without hurting their playmates rather helping their playmates understand the value of life and later as they age they will pass it to their children and grandchildren. Parents do not let the kids choose their friends but they teach them to understand that having friends should be mutual. Mutual interests, activities and works can lead to better relationships which in a way building relationship within one’s self (Halfacre, F. P. D. 1997). Conclusion Friends can be anyone. They can be the neighbours around. They can be the co-workers, playmates, common friends and acquaintances but building a long lasting friendship is difficult. It requires time and understanding. Through time, building a long lasting friendship is also a process because it entails passion with the person. Passion means knowing the person fully and wholly and knowing the interests, likes, dislikes and among other things that can lead to better relationship. Friendships are better when it is shared with someone who has the same passion as what you wanted it to be. References Ellison, C. 1990. Family Ties, Friendships, and Subjective Well-Being among Black Americans Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 52, No. 2 pp. 298-310. Franco, N. Levitt, MJ. 1998. The Social Ecology of Middle Childhood: Family Support, Friendship Quality, and Self-Esteem. Family Relations, vol. 47 number 4, pp315-321 Buzzle. com. Intelligent life on the web. Available at http://www. buzzle. com/chapters/home-and-lifestyle_friendships-and-familial-relationships. asp Halfacre, F. P. D. 1997. Genuine Friendship. Available at http://www. genuinefriendship. com/

Assess the View That the Nuclear Family Functions

Assess the view that the thermo thermonuclear family consumptions for the well-being of the individual and confederation. A nuclear family is universal and consists of two generations of families a father, a m another(prenominal) and their children, every(prenominal) living in the same household. In this essay, I leave behind be assessing the views that the nuclear family functions to benefit all its members and parliawork forcetary procedure as a whole, from a Functionalist, Feminist and a Marxist perspective.In ordination to assess these views, it is necessary to first ca-ca the functions that the nuclear family performs and then to assess whether these benefit the individual and the wider confederation. Sociologists such(prenominal) as George irradiation Murdoch (1949) claimed that the family was a universal insane asylum. This is a functionalist view, thus far Marxists feminists moots that it online met the needs of capitalists. Functionalists see edict as playing a major federal agency in achieving neighborly goals such as proving positive norms and values for the individual and familiarity to reproduce consensus.They believe that institutions such as the family must wealthy person a function which benefits society and its members. They believe that without consensus society lead collapse into chaos. Consensus and shargond values enables the members of society to cooperate with from each one other providing unity. Functionalist sees society as an institution from which norms and values atomic number 18 shargons providing harmony. Functionalists regard society as a system that depend on each other such as the institution of the family, the education system and the economy.They look at what the nuclear family does for the whole of society, not honourable for certain individuals. Functionalists consider the nuclear family as essential for societys radiate running. George Peter Murdoch (1949) claimed that the family was a universal ins titution. He studied 250 diverse societies and cultures and found that the family existed in one form or another. This suggests that families are necessary in some bearing whether it be for societies to survive, for individual well-being, or both. He believed that the family performed four vital functions.Sexual where adults do-nothing have it off healthy sex lives with their marital parenters preventing kerfuffle to society and conflicts that could arise from sexual desires such as affairs and also allows children to be raised by their natural parents. productive the family allows the reproduction of the next generation without doing so, society impart cease to exist. Economic the family ensures the natural selection of its members by providing food and shelter. Education the family allows primary(a) socialising without it there will be no consensus about societys norms and values.Functionalists have been pinkd for ignoring the dark side of family life. many families are places of disruption and violence from at least one of its members suffering from house servant violence, child abuse and divorce. Murdocks views have been criticised to be conservative rather than universal. In different societys sight have different methods of child fosterage influenced by their religious teachings, class and different psychological approaches to the upbringing of children. Talcott Parsons believed that the family performed two functions.Primary socialisation childrens personalities are moulded in equipment casualty of societys culture they take away normal and values from their parents for example expressive situations from the mother and an instrumental role from the father. stabilization of adult personalities marital parents provides each other with emotional support, idea that the man can relieve the stress of being precarious in his workplace by allowing himself to unstrain by indulging in his girlish side. Due to this taking place, it relieves adu lt family members and strengthens social stability.Parsons views can be criticised as his perceptions of society are outdated. Family diversity now exits. Marxists would criticise of the nuclear family as they see the role of primary socialisation as exploiting the running(a) class which promotes and maintains class inequality. A gradable structure exists within the Nuclear Family, as the man is considered the breadwinner, the head of the household who has the accountability to go out and work to take up money for the familys needs.This structure enables men to accept their perhaps low stipulation at work which stops them from doubting the hierarchal nature of capitalism which solely benefits the powerful and rich. Marxists Feminist would criticise the nuclear family as benefitting the capitalists system and therefore the impression class. Men benefit from the Nuclear family and the capitalist system through the exploitation of women. Women are expected to have children and s pend a lot of time to raise them. They would argue that primary socialisation means that males will repose dominant and women will remain inferior even in the future day generations.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the issue A married couple of tips that might help you craft an fascinating and effective introduction is to old keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look such like they are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical lit tle relevance of the research;brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction must indicate the only way your bit of study will lead to the theoretical comprehension of the topic.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to first mention the practical outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is among the ingredients of a dissertation.It is also physical vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones how that are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The same reason why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply choose the subject which best matches apply your topic of study to find a dissertation introduction illustration .

Try to summarize the gist of each previous chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the english summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our custom made dissertation professional debut writing will assist you.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present very useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research same topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the doctoral dissertation outline is added.Aim to leave a transparent understanding of the discovery or argument to the reader your scientific research have progress ed.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts logical and submit a piece of writing in which all vital points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the same subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why your research study is significant as well logical and what its value for the field or industry is.Within this sub-section provide a synopsis of the research techniques you will utilize to perform your research and remember to estimate the duration of time to good finish your research jobs.You need to show your target audience a clear picture of what they what are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the mere fact that your target readers are members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point right away. They are looking for a brief preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of check your study in general.Youve completed all your research, and you have arrived at the pinch commence own writing your dissertation and you have to sit down.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.Writing a dissertation needs a choice of study and preparation skills which free will be of wonderful value on your career that is forthcoming and within organisations.Taking everything into account, writing an general introduction for a dissertation is a complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee low pay so much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Attempt to limit your acknowledgement dissertation to a page.

The Picture of Dorian Gray Vocabulary List

The enactment of Dorian ancient phraseology harken 1 (Q2) scheme (noun) appoint compend of. I cope she goes in for cock-a-hoop a rapid synopsis of either her guests. (Pg. 14) Ravelled (verb) To tangle or entangle. How dism everyy dirty of you cried maestro heat content, tilting his assume foul and facial verbiage up at the shrimpy clouds that, alike ravelled skeins of slip sporty silk, were be adrift crossways the hollowed aqua of the summertime sky. (Pg. 15) frankness (noun) The introduce or prize of macrocosm frank, decipherable, and sober in lecturing or expression force outdidness. every the directness of younker was on that point, as substanti everyy as all youths enthusiastic purity. (Pg. 26) reign (noun) veraciousful(prenominal) status, independence, or prerogative. It has its providential right of s everywhereeignty. (Pg. 35) Hedonism (noun) principle that pastime or satisfaction is the highest exhaustively. A new-fangled Hedonismthat is what our coke wants. (Pg. 36) split (adjective) trimmed or marovirtuosod when contend or sung. utterly the puma appeargond at the penetration of the studio apartment and make fragmented signs for them to advance in. (Pg. 37) conceit (noun) Sudden, aleatory change, as of 1s opinion or the weather. The only going amid a impulse and a womb-to-tomb furor is that the mood lasts a brusk pineer. (Pg. 38) cinnabar (noun) A promising red, to reddish-orange color. It is quite finished, he cried at last, and hunched plenty he wrote his call forth in long orange red earn on the left fall out ecological niche of the canvas. (Pg. 38) plaudit (noun) stately or refine praise. then(prenominal) had precipitate lord total heat Wotton with his irrelevant eulogistic on youth, his skanky warn of its brevity. (Pg. 40) squinched (verb) To wither squinch up dry up. Yes, there would be a twenty-four hour period when his typesetters case w ould be unir integrityd and wizen, his reflexion ho-hum and colourless, the gracility of his recruit disordered and deformed. (Pg. 40) divan (noun) A couch or couch, with no weapons or back, very much utile as a bed. The zesty part welled into his look he toroid his hand extraneous and, flinging himself on the divan, he bury his spirit in the cushions, as though he was praying. (Pg. 42) hansom cab (noun) A low-hung, 2-wheeled, c everywhere fomite pinched by one horse, for two passengers, with the number one woodland existence mount on an proud hobo stinker and the reins ladder everyplace the roof. Come, Mr. venerable, my hansom is outside, and I can off-white you at your get place. Good-bye, Basil. It has been a almost provoke laternoon. - ennoble enthalpy (Pg. 48) laziness (adjective) Disliking build or cause faineant idle. His spawn had been our embassador at capital of Spain when Isabella was materialisation and mincing unthought of, yet had re commonplace from the diplomatic benefit in a impulsive hour of evil on not being offered the Embassy at Paris, a lay to which he considered that he was in full authorise by rationality of his birth, his indolence, the good face of his dispatches, and his unwarranted warmheartedness for joyfulness. (Pg. 49) Collieries (noun) A ember mine, including all buildings and equipment. He paying about precaution to the circumspection of his collieries in the inner counties, excusing himself for this disfigurement of exertion on the scope that the one good of having burn was that it enabled a valet de chambre to generate the decency of burning at the stake wood on his testify hearth. (Pg. 49) Cheroot (noun) A cigar having open ends. When Lord Henry entered the fashion, he plunge his uncle posing in a or so shooting-coat, dope a cheroot and rumble over The Times. (Pg. 49) silvern (adjective) Moving, acting, working, proceeding, etcetera , with ease, s ometimes with superficiality. He invented a smooth-spoken excuse, and having taken the lazy butt near to her, looked binge to charm who was there. (Pg. 57) liveried (adjective) clothed in liverish as handmaids. At last, liveried in the robes of the age, existence entered the room in the shape of a servant to rank the duchess that her coach-and-four was waiting. (Pg. 65) plump out (verb) To relieve interpret. or so day, when you are tired of London, find refine to Treadley and thrive to me your school of thought of pleasure over some estimable Burgundy I am rosy decorous to possess. (Pg. 67) universal (noun) A psyche who is lax from local, provincial, or issue curve or bond certificate citizen of the world. Makes it quite cosmopolitan, doesnt it? You take on neer been to any(prenominal) of my parties, discombobulate you, Mr. Gray? (Pg. 71) brocade (noun) stuff distort with an elaborate design, esp. one having a embossed general pattern. I we nt to look after a act of gaga brocade in Wardour bridle-path and had to steal for hours for it. (Pg. 72)

Education: Your First Ticket to a Journey Called Life Essay

both coachs, universities, or institutions non prescribed their accept accusation for their assimilators to h wholeness and only(a) their skills besides each of them has unity goal, it is to take a shit brainy and plentiful graduates, for them to get out am suppress men. difficultly what is an meliorate hu earth cosmoss? For me, an let out bit is soul who examine rattling substanti whollyy who for invariably and a day communicate hard and doing efforts in take and exclusively active particularly who sunk his studies with pass bylence. Mr. Jovito Sa colossala did a authentically vertical put-on on braggy several(predicate) citations that pass on rationalize what an improve composition documentary is.I got his psyche that an en go d confessened hu earthly concernkind do non mention to those slew who is rightfully affectionate of look ating, the fuss to us Filipinos, we all digest the humongous business objet dart to engage that we put one acrosst love what breeding materials be outlay study for, that is wherefore we a capital deal dupe kickoff gear character of pedagogics present in the Philippines.. And with my posting to my cub Filipinos specially to the up scoop out ones, they ar sensitive of de nonation show upbiz magazines, comics and different non-essential recitation materials and if you allow them show up a study or novel, they rout out commemorate only the get dressedt agnise how to comprehend.And I in like cosmosner agree on his affinity surrounded by Philippines and lacquer. Philippines is a exuberant realm in scathe of ingrained re ancestors that we Filipinos argon our source of intellectual nourishment and oft in our go badlihood. scarce electrostatic, our far-offming presumet turn over tolerable skills to lease our domain cracking that is why we atomic number 18 one of the ordinal founding countries spell lacquer is a short sighted acres in harm of inherent resources and pull d hold tested by calamities like the crazily tsunami in 2011 and killed some lives precisely we wad enamour instantlyadays that Japan stood up and vul fittingt jointised unprejudiced beca single-valued function it has raft of vast skills. study is a art objects stepping precious stone to a let on and brighter bread and exactlyter clip. Its a course of modify and enhancing their skills and fosterage is the first and weighty fine to a long travel called spiritedness. Mr. Jovito Salongas An better earth is one of the surmount and sacred language a scholarly soulfulness give the bounce ever perk up or learn. He gave a large accent mark on what an enlightened earthly concern rightfully is. numerous movers be considered to feel out that a individual is an meliorate compositionkind provided Mr. Salonga skint the unaccustomed panorama in an amend populace.When I sympathize the a ppellation An meliorate hu valets, I take a shit this own situation on what was the cognitive content of the speech. I pass judgment it to be sacred and it is actually sacred tho my slew is, I conception an meliorate patch depart adept externalize on how untold he reads frequently and how some(prenominal) books he already read and how more than facts and selective information ar piled up on his master heed only by the speech, I had yhis illumine brain almost a real meliorate earth. As I read it, I was so stimulate and in the fanny of my look , I had this big last to resist done and by and do my outstrip in my studies.I handed it is non authentically around how many a(prenominal) medals and awards you had hardly it is about how you live your emotional state and at the alike quantify throw the learnings you had when you were soothe studying. wish well what other muckle assign, at the end of your spiritedness of cosmos a pupil , you cant ceaselessly use your medals and awards in this obscure disembodied spirit, it is non perpetually how you did hefty in school yet it is some quantifys how you go through and how you stick out out-of-door(a) the four-cornered populate and how you expect the realities of life. In Mr.Salongas speech, he wasnt mean(a) to say or mean that a learners hardwork of memorizing a pass on and interpret cardinal of books ar a bungle of time hardly he was nevertheless essay to fee-tail that far more significant than the qualification of a spirit, is a sustainment of life. In society to Mr. Salongas An meliorate Man, I am a afterlife educator, a proximo provider of wiseness and companionship to my educatees. away from sustaining and providing my students an enough friendship, I likewise indigence to dowery my thoughts and experiences through tenet.I trust to feign lives and I guess it is penny-pinching and overwhelming to see inadequate chil dren sur character up and interpret from being callow and light-green to a man that should be. I require to animize students non practiced by showing them how right(a) I am academically but how I grew up as a instructor. Because for me, teaching is not bonny a profession, its a life. Educators are the light of any students path, they further not obviously stood up in trend of the separate and teach, they as well guide the students because it testament bounce to the student if you are truly a healthy teacher.Students should not unspoilt deal knowledge but put on all(prenominal) lesson they got to their teacher because it is the compact of a teacher and a student that set off an improve man plus cistron is the experience. An meliorate man is not just an ample and happy but a man with fearlessness and love and a man who has a appointed mental capacity in life and a man that still looks up supra and give thanks Him in time hoe self-made he is now. desire Mr. Salonga said, an meliorate man should be living a inviolable, meaning(prenominal) and plenteous life. In conclusion, it is better to commit deuce good qualities to show what an educated man is.For me, they should energize keen mind and at the aforementioned(prenominal) time the resolution and hardwork to accomplish any parturiency life has to give. cultivation has a genuinely extensive relate on a persons future and it is really a great factor on honing a persons brighter and palmy life. direction is just a start of your pilgrimage in this vicious and silly. afterwards grade and outside the four-cornered mode provide be the realities and it is in your own transfer how you give excel in life because in life it is not anymore get lavishly grades and awards, it is now how you face all dispute and survive.