Comparing Oxygen Levels to Heart Rate Recovery and Peak Time

Comparing Oxygen Levels to Heart Rate Reco really and notice TimeResearch QuestionHow do different concentrations of atomic number 8 provided to the respiratory organization affect the sum total send and thus a plain mattersathletic capabilities? insane asylumFirstly, it is important to investigate how the probosciss respiratory system functions. The lungs have two primary functions, releasing carbon dioxide from the body and integrating atomic number 8 into the bloodstream 3. The lungs never achieve peak capacity and are not responsible for the limitation in type O delivered to the muscles 1. This is important because, in the case of this experiment the limitations may be deriveed. thither is always approximately the same amount of type O in the oxygenise in relation to everything else 21%. Howeveras altitude increases there is little air pressure and thus less oxygen available to the lungs per diaphragm contraction cycle. Instead of changing the barometric pressure, t here exit simply be less or more oxygen in the air, in this experiment. This may cause an abnormal result as the body responds differently to drastic eachy adapted conditions. When the oxygen content of the air is drastically reduced, the blood runament most apparent be significantly less satu esteemd and when the oxygen content of the air is drastically increased the blood should be more saturated with oxygen 2.It is then necessary to investigate how this might affect the cardiac system. The amount of oxygen that is available to the cells while they are producing ATPto drive the body is important, because if there is not enough oxygen available for aerobic respiration, thananaerobic respiration will take place. Anaerobic respiration will produce lactate and carbon dioxide. The lactate (lactic acid), triggers a response from the sympathetic nervous system1, 2. The noradrenergic sympathetic nervous system produces norepinephrine. The SA node (sinoatrial node), stimulated by the norepinephrine hormone increases both the rate that the affection beats and the degree to which the heart completes a systolic contraction 1,2. In addition to the sympathetic nervous system, the medulla senses the increase of carbon dioxide in the blood due to anaerobic respiration. The medulla then sends an electrical signal by means of the cardiac nerve to the SA node2.A live O2 machine will be used in order to carry out this experiment. It produces and stores 15% oxygen and 95% oxygen separately. These will be the two concentrations of oxygen that will be used to compare the times it takes for heart rates to peak and then recover. The independant variant is the concentration of Oxygen. The dependantvariable is the time it takes for the subject to peak and the time it takes for the subject to recover. The experiment will be controlled by regulating the speed at which the salt mine is set to. Since the point of this experiment is to compare expirationsthe difference in the indiv iduals athletic talent should not make a difference in the data.Materials operate O2 MachineOxygen robeTreadmillHeart rate/oxygen saturation monitorClorox and paper towelsTimerExperimental OverviewThe Live O2 machine which will be used to create, store and deliver the two different concentrations of oxygen is comprised of an oxygen machine, storage bag with two compartments, a delivery system with a mask and a switch to change which concentration of oxygen is being delivered.The picture above, depicting the liveO2 system is the one that was used, except a treadmill was usedinstead of a stationary bike as is depicted. The test subjects heart rate peak times and recovery times were first tried and true with the increased level of oxygen, they were then given a period of rest while anformer(a) subject ran on the treadmill. Then, after the period of rest the subject would run on the treadmill again and their peak and recovery times would be measured with the restricted levels of oxy gen. The doorsill for the heart rate peaking was 140 bpm. The threshold for recovered was when the heart rate of the subject was within 10 of their original resting heart rate. For example, if the test subjects resting heart rate was 65 bpm, they would be considered recovered when their heart rate dropped back below 75.ProcedureStep 1First 8willing people were found, who were athletically fit enough that there would not be any damage to their body through the testing. Then the 8people were instructed not to drink any sort of caffeine or any other stimulant before the experiment. The mask of the liveO2 machine was cleaned with cloroxand the oxygen machine was turned on to fill up the two individual bags.Step 2Then the resting heart rate of the subject was taken with the heart rate monitor. Ten was added to the resting number to determine the threshold that the heart rate must reach during recovery to determine whether or not the subject has recovered. The heart rate monitor was left on the subjects sense to monitor their heart rate, Thenthe oxygen was set to the 95% setting and the treadmill was set to 5 miles per hour. Then, once the subject was at 5 miles per hour the timer was started and the subject was instructedto hold the mask to their face. The timer was stopped once the subjects heart rate reached 140 bpm. Then the treadmill was stopped and the subject was instructed to keep the mask on. Then the time it took for their heart rate to return to the predetermined resting rate was measured.Step 3The first subject was then given rest while subject 2 performed grade 2. Once subject 2 was done with step 2, subject 1 repeated step 2 with 15% oxygen instead of 95% oxygen followed again by subject 2. The mask was cleaned with cloroxbetween each subject.Step 4Steps 1-3 were repeated with the remained of the test subjects and the data was recorded in a table within the lab book.Safety considerationsSince this lab works with the human body and measuring its respo nses to what could be consideredstrenuous situations, there must be precautions taken. Firstly, all of the subjects that were tested, were either in good or exceptional physical condition and had no preexisting wellness complications that would endanger them during the experiment. To further ensure that there was no physical harm done to the subjects, the subjects saturation was incessantly monitored with the heart rate/oxygen saturation monitor. If at any point during the 15% oxygen test the saturation dipped too low (below 85% saturation) and remained there for more than a couple seconds then the 95% oxygen would immediately been switched on and that pad of testing would be terminated and the subject time to rest. The mask that was being used was alike constantly cleaned with cloroxto prevent the spreading of germs.AnalysisQualitative variablesThe two main variables that may have affected the data were the heart rate monitor and the oxygen mask. The fact that the subject had to hold the monitor on their finger and the mask while running made the heart rate monitor slightly inaccurate and sometimes would simply not take readings. It only worked when the subject was holding onto it and this disrupted their normal running patterns. Some subjects also had trouble holding the mask to their face with enough force to hold a postage stamp while running. This may have let some of the infixed air into the mask. Holding the mask also inhibited the subjects natural running pattern. The fact that the subjects natural running pattern was inhibited made it harder for them to keep a normal running pace even with the treadmill set at a constant 5 miles per hour. Having to control all of these things at once may have also added to the strain on the subjects body, which could have affected the results. Then finally, there is also the fact that everyone that was being tested was different in their biological makeup and therefore will respond slightly differently to the two concentrations of oxygen.Data have intercourse outpouring and Recovery times (in seconds)run95% Oxygen Peak times (s)95% Oxygen Recovery time (s)15% Oxygen Peak times (s)15% Oxygen Recovery time (s)118745621852180565210232006440188418169397351537136123610852602017181215613381446127177This table displays each run and the times in seconds associated with it. The runs where the higher concentration of oxygen (95%) was used are displayed first, on the left. The runs where the bring down concentration of oxygen (15%) was used are displayed second, on the right. The peak times (the time it takes for the subjects heart rate to reach 140 bpm from resting) are displayed in the 2nd and 4th column and the recovery times (the time it takes for a subjects heart rate to go from 140 bpm back to within 10 of resting) are displayed in the 3rd and 5th column.This bar graph displays the number recovery times and peak times for the two different levels of oxygen concentration. The recovery times ar e listed at the top and the peak times are listed at the bottom.Average Difference in Peak and Recovery time in secondsPeak time (s)Recovery time (s)Difference120.2592.875This table displays the difference between the average peak time of the 95% and 15% oxygen concentration. As well as the difference between the average recovery time of the 95% oxygen and the 15% oxygen concentrations.EvaluationConclusion of resultsThere is a clear difference between the times for the two different concentration of oxygen. When the subject was administered 95% oxygen their peak times took an average of 166.75 seconds, while when the average peak time when only 15% oxygen concentration was administered was 46.5 seconds. This is a difference of 120.25 seconds, so clearly when a subject is administered more oxygen it provides more oxygen for the system, this allows the body to stay out of anaerobic respiration longer and thus allows the heart to beat slower for a greater amount of time.The difference seen in recovery times was also significant. On average, with the higher 95% oxygen concentration the subjects recovered around 54.875 seconds. However when the subjects were administered the lower concentration of oxygen the recovery times took much longer, averaging out at 147.75 seconds. The difference was 92.875 seconds. This occurred because when the body was already deprived of oxygen and the saturation was low there was a humongous amount of carbon dioxide and lactic acid build up from anaerobic respiration. Then, after the subject stopped running, the low oxygen concentration most likely caused the subjects to stay in anaerobic respiration as the body tried to oxygenate the meander. With the higher concentration of oxygen, the subjects body was able to quickly oxygenate the tissue and return the body to complete or near complete aerobic respiration. This would have stopped the build up of lactic acid and carbon dioxide and allowed the body to flush the two out of its syste m. Once the lactic acid and carbon dioxide has either been absorbed or in the case of carbon dioxide, exited the lungs, the heart rate would return to resting.Therefore, the results matched what should have happened according to previous scientific research, outlined in the introduction.How the lab could be improved and extendedThe first thing that would be facilitatory would be to use a more accurate heart rate monitor. Most likely the best solution would be a heart rate monitor that could be taped to the finger being used in unison with a chest heart rate monitor. Using both of these concurrently would ensure the best and most consistent results. In addition it would remove the responsibility from the subject of holding onto the heart rate monitor.Another issues that could be substantially solved is the oxygen mask. The straps that were provided with the mask fell off very easily during running. As a result the subjects had to hold the mask to their face as they ran. This hinde red their ability to run smoothly and did not guarantee a complete seal around the face. Next time a full head cap could be used to ensure that a seal was maintained and would allow the subject to run normally.To further extend this experiment saturation rates could also be compared to heart rate and oxygen concentration. When the subjects were performing the test their saturation rates were monitored for safety reasons but not recorded. If the saturation rates could be recorded throughout the test at specific points along with the heart rate it would be interesting to look into how the saturation rates are correlated with the heart when very low and very high concentrations of oxygen are being administered to the subject.Works CitedBurton, Deborah Anne, FRCA, Keith Stokes, BSc PhD, and George M. Hall, MBBS PhD DSc FRCA. Physiological Effects of Exercise. Continuing Education in Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. Oxford Journals, n.d. Web. 10 May 2016.Damon, Alan, Randy McGonegal, Patricia Tosto, and William Ward. Higher Level Biology. N.p. n.p., n.d. Print.How Your Lungs Work. How Your Lungs Work. Cleveland Clinic, 13 Oct. 2010. Web. 13 May 2016.AppendixRelease formsI, Jonas Kaare-Rasmussen understand that the experiment I am tough in and the tasks that I am performing, could be breakneck for my health. I assume all financial obligation for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen privation may cause health problems.electronically signed by Jonas Kaare-RasmussenI, bull Larsen understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all financial obligation for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Jack LarsenI, Danielle Zimber understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Danielle ZimberI, Hailey Zimber understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health complications.Electronically signed by Hailey ZimberI, Alex Kellam understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Alex KellamI, Taso Warsa understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Taso WarsaI, Ben Voter understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks th at I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Ben VoterI, Alex Alsop understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Alex Alsop